Analog Circuits
These circuits operate on continuous-valued signals(commonly referred to as analog signals).
Analog circuits are difficult to design since each component has to be placed by hand as automation techniques for designing these circuits fail to do the job efficiently.
No conversion of input signals are required before processing i.e. input signal is analog, the circuit directly performs various logical operations...
Arduino - Conditional Operator ? :
The conditional operator ? : is the only ternary operator in C.
? : conditional operator Syntax
expression1 ? expression2 : expression3
Expression1 is evaluated first. If its value is true, then
expression2 is evaluated and expression3 is ignored. If expression1 is
evaluated as false, then expression3 evaluates and expression2 is
ignored. The result will be a value of either expression2 or expression3
depending upon which of them evaluates as True.
Conditional operator associates from right to left.
Example
/* Find max(a, b): */
max = (...
Arduino - switch case statement
Similar to the if statements, switch...case controls the flow
of programs by allowing the programmers to specify different codes that
should be executed in various conditions. In particular, a switch statement compares the value of a variable to the values specified in the case statements. When a case statement is found whose value matches that of the variable, the code in that case statement is run.
The break keyword makes the switch statement exit, and is
typically used at the end of each case. Without a break statement, the
switch statement...
Arduino - If…else if …else statement
The if statement can be followed by an optional else if...else statement, which is very useful to test various conditions using single if...else if statement.
When using if...else if…else statements, keep in mind −
An if can have zero or one else statement and it must come after any else if's.
An if can have zero to many else if statements and they must come before the else.
Once an else if succeeds, none of the remaining else if or else statements...
Arduino - If …else statement
An if statement can be followed by an optional else statement, which executes when the expression is false.
if … else Statement Syntax
if (expression) {
Block of statements;
}
else {
Block of statements;
}
if…else Statement – Execution Sequence
Example
/* Global variable definition */
int A = 5 ;
int B = 9 ;
Void setup () {
}
Void loop () {
/* check the boolean condition */
if (A > B)
/* if condition is true then...
Arduino - Control Statements
Decision making structures require that the programmer specify one or
more conditions to be evaluated or tested by the program. It should be
along with a statement or statements to be executed if the condition is
determined to be true, and optionally, other statements to be executed
if the condition is determined to be false.
Following is the general form of a typical decision making structure found in most of the programming languages ...
