An operator is a symbol that tells the compiler to perform specific mathematical or logical functions. C language is rich in built-in operators and provides the following types of operators −
Arithmetic Operators
Comparison Operators
Boolean Operators
Bitwise Operators
Compound Operators
Arithmetic Operators
Assume variable A holds 10 and variable B holds 20 then −
Operator name
Operator simple
Description
Example
assignment operator
=
Stores the value to the right of the equal sign in the variable to the left of the equal sign.
A = B
addition
+
Adds...
Arduino - Arithmetic Operators
Assume variable A holds 10 and variable B holds 20 then −
Operator name
Operator simple
Description
Example
assignment operator
=
Stores the value to the right of the equal sign in the variable to the left of the equal sign.
A = B
addition
+
Adds two operands
A + B will give 30
subtraction
-
Subtracts second operand from the first
A - B will give -10
multiplication
*
Multiply both operands
A * B will give 200
division
/
Divide numerator by denominator
B / A will give 2
modulo
%
Modulus Operator and remainder of after an integer...
Arduino - Variables & Constants
Before we start explaining the variable types, a very important subject we need to make sure, you fully understand is called the variable scope.
What is Variable Scope?
Variables in C programming language, which Arduino uses, have a property called scope. A scope is a region of the program and there are three places where variables can be declared. They are −
Inside a function or a block, which is called local variables.
In the definition of function parameters, which is called formal parameters.
Outside of all functions, which is called global...
Arduino - Data Types
Data types in C refers to an extensive system used for declaring variables or functions of different types. The type of a variable determines how much space it occupies in the storage and how the bit pattern stored is interpreted.
The following points provides all the data types that you will use during Arduino programming.
void
Boolean
char
Unsigned char
byte
int
Unsigned...
Arduino - Program Structure
In this chapter, we will study in depth, the Arduino program structure and we will learn more new terminologies used in the Arduino world. The Arduino software is open-source. The source code for the Java environment is released under the GPL and the C/C++ microcontroller libraries are under the LGPL.
Sketch − The first new terminology is the Arduino program called “sketch”.
Structure
Arduino programs can be divided in three main parts: Structure, Values (variables and constants), and Functions. In this tutorial, we will learn about the Arduino...
Arduino - Installation
After learning about the main parts of the Arduino UNO board, we are ready to learn how to set up the Arduino IDE. Once we learn this, we will be ready to upload our program on the Arduino board.
In this section, we will learn in easy steps, how to set up the Arduino IDE on our computer and prepare the board to receive the program via USB cable.
Step 1 − First you must have your Arduino board (you can choose your favorite board) and a USB cable....
Introduction with ardunio
In this chapter, we will learn about the different components on the Arduino board. We will study the Arduino UNO board because it is the most popular board in the Arduino board family. In addition, it is the best board to get started with electronics and coding. Some boards look a bit different from the one given below, but most Arduinos have majority of these components in common...
CD-DVD / FDD Stepper Motor labeling
How to Use the Stepper Motors of CD/DVD/FDD Drives
Generally stepper motor's are costly as compared to a normal DC motor. Stepper Motor is probably the first thing you need to know about, if you are interested to learn robotics.(the next one would be Servo Motors). In India the stepper motor may cost from 250 to 500 rupees,(6$-10$) so to reduce the cost you can use a stepper motor from waste floppy drives or CD-DVD drives.
The stepper motor used for running the disk in the fdd are generally hybrid stepper motor. In case...
Infrared Sensors or IR Sensors
Introduction
Infrared technology
addresses a wide variety of wireless applications. The main areas are sensing
and remote controls. In the electromagnetic spectrum, the infrared portion is
divided into three regions: near-infrared region, mid-infrared region and far-infrared
region.
The wavelengths of these
regions and their applications are shown below.
·
Near-infrared region —
700 nm to 1400 nm — IR sensors, fiber optic
·
Mid-infrared region...
How to Connect Arduino Uno to Android via Bluetooth
Arduino is one of the most popular microcontroller-based electronics prototyping platforms available in the market. The area of applications of Arduino is huge ranging from simple LED driving circuits to complex internet-based weather monitoring circuits.
One of the in-demand concepts is communication between the Arduino board and Android-based smartphone or tablet. Even though Arduino can be configured to perform many complicated operations, it would be more beneficial if those operations are controlled using an Android phone.
In order to...
555 Timer PWM Audio Amplifier
The ubiquitous 555 timer IC handles audio signals in its own pulse-width modulation (PWM) way. Here, the 555 IC works in astable mode. The switching frequency can be varied from 65 kHz to 188 kHz. Selection of PWM frequency depends on the amplitude of the input signal as well as the load impedance. By adjusting VR1, you can ensure comfortable listening with low audio distortion.
In pulse-width modulation, the carrier frequency’s pulse width varies...
IC 555 Timer Tester
This simple and easy-to-use gadget not only tests the IC 555 timer in all its basic configurations but also tests the functionality of each pin of the timer. Once a timer is declared fit by this gadget, it will function satisfactorily in whatever mode or configuration you may try it.
The two basic configurations in which a timer IC 555 can be used are the astable and the monostable modes of operation.
When the DPDT switch (S2) is in position 1-1,...
World’s smallest transistor is just 1 nanometer wide
For more than a decade, engineers have been eyeing the finish line in the race to shrink the size of components in integrated circuits. They knew that the laws of physics had set a 5-nanometer threshold on the size of transistor gates among conventional semiconductors, about one-quarter the size of high-end 20-nanometer-gate transistors now on the market.
Some laws are made to be broken, or at least challenged....
