How to Use the Stepper Motors of CD/DVD/FDD Drives
Generally stepper motor's are costly as compared to a normal DC motor. Stepper Motor is probably the first thing you need to know about, if you are interested to learn robotics.(the next one would be Servo Motors). In India the stepper motor may cost from 250 to 500 rupees,(6$-10$) so to reduce the cost you can use a stepper motor from waste floppy drives or CD-DVD drives.
The stepper motor used for running the disk in the fdd are generally hybrid stepper motor. In case...
Infrared Sensors or IR Sensors
Introduction
Infrared technology
addresses a wide variety of wireless applications. The main areas are sensing
and remote controls. In the electromagnetic spectrum, the infrared portion is
divided into three regions: near-infrared region, mid-infrared region and far-infrared
region.
The wavelengths of these
regions and their applications are shown below.
·
Near-infrared region —
700 nm to 1400 nm — IR sensors, fiber optic
·
Mid-infrared region...
How to Connect Arduino Uno to Android via Bluetooth
Arduino is one of the most popular microcontroller-based electronics prototyping platforms available in the market. The area of applications of Arduino is huge ranging from simple LED driving circuits to complex internet-based weather monitoring circuits.
One of the in-demand concepts is communication between the Arduino board and Android-based smartphone or tablet. Even though Arduino can be configured to perform many complicated operations, it would be more beneficial if those operations are controlled using an Android phone.
In order to...
555 Timer PWM Audio Amplifier
The ubiquitous 555 timer IC handles audio signals in its own pulse-width modulation (PWM) way. Here, the 555 IC works in astable mode. The switching frequency can be varied from 65 kHz to 188 kHz. Selection of PWM frequency depends on the amplitude of the input signal as well as the load impedance. By adjusting VR1, you can ensure comfortable listening with low audio distortion.
In pulse-width modulation, the carrier frequency’s pulse width varies...
IC 555 Timer Tester
This simple and easy-to-use gadget not only tests the IC 555 timer in all its basic configurations but also tests the functionality of each pin of the timer. Once a timer is declared fit by this gadget, it will function satisfactorily in whatever mode or configuration you may try it.
The two basic configurations in which a timer IC 555 can be used are the astable and the monostable modes of operation.
When the DPDT switch (S2) is in position 1-1,...
World’s smallest transistor is just 1 nanometer wide
For more than a decade, engineers have been eyeing the finish line in the race to shrink the size of components in integrated circuits. They knew that the laws of physics had set a 5-nanometer threshold on the size of transistor gates among conventional semiconductors, about one-quarter the size of high-end 20-nanometer-gate transistors now on the market.
Some laws are made to be broken, or at least challenged....
